| Program Description |
MD. ANATOMY
Goal
The goal of postgraduate medical education shall be to produce a competent specialist and / or a medical teacher as stated in the Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations 2000 and its amendments thereof [May2018]
(i) Who shall recognize the health needs of the community, and carry out professional obligations ethically and in keeping with the objectives of the national health policy.
(ii) Who shall have mastered most of the competencies, pertaining to the specialty, that are required to be practiced at the secondary and the tertiary levels of the health care delivery system.
(iii) Who shall be aware of the contemporary advances and developments in the discipline concerned.
(iv) Who shall have acquired a spirit of scientific inquiry and is oriented to the principles of research methodology and epidemiology, and
(v) Who shall have acquired the basic skills in teaching of the medical and paramedical professionals.
General Objectives
At the end of the postgraduate training in the discipline concerned the student shall be able to:
(i) Recognize the importance of the concerned specialty in the context of the health need of the community and the national priorities in the health sector.
(ii) Practice the specialty concerned ethically and in step with the principles of primary health care.
(iii) Demonstrate sufficient understanding of the basic sciences relevant to the concerned specialty.
(iv) Identify social, economic, environmental, biological and emotional determinants of health in a given case, and take them into account while planning therapeutic, rehabilitative, preventive and promotive measures/strategies.
(v) Diagnose and manage majority of the conditions in the specialty concerned on the basis of clinical assessment, and appropriately selected and conducted investigations.
(vi) Plan and advice measures for the prevention and rehabilitation of patients suffering from disease and disability related to the specialty.
(vii) Demonstrate skills in documentation of individual case details as well as morbidity and mortality data relevant to the assigned situation.
(viii) Demonstrate empathy and humane approach towards patients and their families and exhibit interpersonal behavior in accordance with the societal norms and expectations.
(ix) Play the assigned role in the implementation of national health programs, effectively and responsibly.
(x) Organize and supervise the chosen/assigned health care services demonstrating adequate managerial skills in the clinic/hospital or the field situation.
(xi) Develop skills as a self-directed learner; recognize continuing educational needs, select and use appropriate learning resources.
(xii) Demonstrate competence in basic concept of research methodology and epidemiology, and be able to critically analyse relevant published research literature.
(xiii) Develop skills in using educational methods and techniques as applicable to the teaching of medical/nursing students, general physicians and paramedical health workers.
(xiv) Function as an effective leader of a team engaged in health care, research or training.
Statement of the Competencies
Keeping in view the general objectives of postgraduate training, each discipline shall aim at development of specific competencies, which shall be defined and spelt out in clear terms. Each department shall produce a statement and bring it to the notice of the trainees in the beginning of the program so that he or she can direct the efforts towards the attainment of these competencies.
Components of the PG Curriculum
The major components of the PG curriculum shall be:
Theoretical knowledge
Practical/clinical Skills
Training in writing thesis/research articles
Attitudes, including communication.
Training in research methodology, medical ethics & medicolegal aspects
Teaching skills to the undergraduates, juniors and support teams.
Preamble:
The purpose of PG education is to create specialists who would provide high quality health
care and advance the cause of science through research & training.
The student, after undergoing the training, should be able to deal effectively with the needs of
the medical community and should be competent to handle all problems related to the
specialty of Anatomy and recent advances in the subject. The post graduate student should
also acquire skills in teaching anatomy to medical and para-medical students and be able to
integrate teaching of Anatomy with other relevant subjects, while being aware of her/his
limitations.
The Goal of MD Anatomy is to train a doctor to become a competent teacher and researcher
in Anatomy who:
1. Is aware of contemporary advances and developments in the field of Anatomy.
2. Has acquired the competencies pertaining to the subject of Anatomy that are required
to be practiced at all levels of health system.
3. Is able to discharge responsibilities and participate in National Health Education
Programme.
4. Is oriented to the principles of research methodology.
5. Has acquired skills in educating medical and paramedical professionals.
6. Has acquired skills in effectively communicating with the students and colleagues
from various medical and paramedical fields.
7. Has acquired skills of integrating anatomy with other disciplines as and when needed.
8. Has acquired qualities of a good teacher capable of innovations in teaching
methodology.
9. Has been able to demonstrate adequate management skills to function as an effective
leader of the team engaged in teaching and research.
After completing the three year course in MD Anatomy the student should have achieved
competence in the following:
1. Knowledge of Anatomy
• Acquire competencies in gross and surface anatomy, Neuroanatomy, embryology,
genetics, histology, radiological anatomy, applied aspects and recent advances of the
above mentioned branches of anatomy to clinical practice. These are given in detail in
subsequent sections.
2. Practical and Procedural skills
• Acquire mastery in dissection skills, embalming, tissue preparation, staining and
museum preparation.
3. Training skill in Research Methodology
• Acquire skills in teaching, research methodology, epidemiology & basic information
technology.
• Acquire knowledge in the basic aspects of Biostatistics and research methodology.
• Has knowledge to plan the protocol of a thesis, carry out review of literature,
execution of research project and preparation of report.
• Has ability to use computer applications Microsoft office (Microsoft word, excel,
power point), Internet, Searching scientific databases (e.g. PubMed, Medline,
Cochrane reviews).
• Acquire skills in paper & poster preparation, writing research papers and Thesis.
4. Professionalism, attitude and communication skills:
• Develop honest work ethics and empathetic behavior with students and colleagues.
• Acquire capacity of not letting his/her personal beliefs, prejudices, and limitations
come in the way of duty.
• Acquire attitude and communication skills to interact with colleagues, teachers and
students.
5. Teaching Anatomy
• Practicing different methods of teaching-learning.
• Making presentations of the subject topics and research outputs.
6. Problem Solving
• Demonstrate the ability to identify applied implications of the knowledge of anatomy
and discuss information relevant to the problem, using consultation, texts, archival
literature and electronic media.
• Demonstrate the ability to correlate the clinical conditions to the anatomical/
embryological/hereditary factors.
• Demonstrate the ability to evaluate scientific/clinical information and critically
analyze conflicting data and hypothesis.
SUBJECT SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired following competencies:
A. Cognitive domain
1. Describe gross anatomy of entire body including upper limb, lower limb, thorax,
abdomen, pelvis, perineum, head and neck, brain and spinal cord.
2. Explain the normal disposition of gross structure, and their interrelationship in the
human body. She/He should be able to analyze the integrated functions of organs
systems and locate the site of gross lesions according to deficits encountered.
3. Describe the process of gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation and placenta
formation in early human embryonic development along with its variation and applied
anatomy.
4. Demonstrate knowledge about the sequential development of organs and systems
along with its clinical anatomy, recognize critical stages of development and effects
of common teratogens, genetic mutations and environmental hazards. She/He should
be able to explain developmental basis of variations and congenital anomalies.
5. Explain the principles of light, transmission and scanning, compound, electron,
fluorescent and virtual microscopy.
6. Describe the microscopic structure of various tissues & organs and correlate structure
with functions as a prerequisite for understanding the altered state in various disease
processes.
7. Demonstrate knowledge about cell and its components, cell cycle, cellular
differentiation and proliferation.
8. Describe structure, number, classification, abnormalities and syndromes related to
human chromosomes.
9. Describe important procedures in cytogenetics and molecular genetics with its
application.
10. Demonstrate knowledge about single gene pattern inheritance, intermediate pattern
and multiple alleles, mutations, non-Mendelian inheritance, mitochondrial
inheritance, genome imprinting and parental disomy.
11. Describe multifactorial pattern of inheritance, teratology, structure gene, molecular
screening, cancer genetics and pharmacogenetics.
12. Demonstrate knowledge about reproduction genetics, assisted reproduction, prenatal
diagnosis, genetic counseling and ethics in genetics.
13. Explain principles of gene therapy and its applied knowledge.
14. Describe immune system and cell types involved in defense mechanisms of the body.
Also explain gross features, cytoarchitecture, functions, development and histogenesis
of various primary and secondary lymphoid organs in the body.
15. Demonstrate knowledge about common techniques employed in cellular immunology
and histocompatibility testing.
16. Demonstrate applications of knowledge of structure & development of tissue organ
system to comprehend deviations from normal.
17. Demonstrate knowledge about recent advances in medical sciences which facilitate
comprehension of structure function correlations and applications in clinical problem
solving.
18. Explain collection, maintenance and application of stem cells, cryobanking and
principles of organ donation from recently dead bodies.
19. Demonstrate knowledge about surface marking of all regions of the body.
20. Able to interpret various radiographs of the body, normal CT Scan, ultrasound and
MRI.
21. Demonstrate knowledge about different anthropological traits and use of related
instruments.
22. Demonstrate knowledge about outline of comparative anatomy of whole body and
basic human evolution
23. Demonstrate knowledge about identification of human bones, determination of sex,
age, and height for medico legal application of anatomy
B. Affective domain
1. Demonstrate self-awareness and personal development in routine conduct. (Self
awareness)
2. Communicate effectively with peers, students and teachers in various teaching
learning activities. (Communication)
3. Demonstrate due respect in handling human body parts & cadavers during dissection.
(Ethics & Professionalism)
4. Demonstrate humane touch while demonstrating living surface marking in
subject/patient. (Ethics & Professionalism)
5. Acquire capacity of not letting his/her personal beliefs, prejudices and limitations
come in the way of duty.
6. Appreciate the issues of equity and social accountability while exposing students to
early clinical exposure. (Equity and social accountability)
C. Psychomotor domain
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Identify, locate and demonstrate surface marking of clinically important structures in
the cadaver and correlate it with living anatomy.
2. Acquire mastery in dissection skills, embalming, tissue preparation, staining and
museum preparation.
3. Locate and identify clinically relevant structures in dissected cadavers.
4. Locate and identify cells & tissues under the microscope.
5. Identify important structures visualized by imaging techniques, specifically
radiographs, computerized tomography (CT) scans, MRI and ultrasonography.
6. Demonstrate various movements at the important joints and actions of various groups
of muscles in the human body.
7. Demonstrate anatomical basis of common clinical procedures expected to be
performed by a basic medical doctor.
8. Demonstrate different methods of teaching-learning and make presentations of the
subject topics and research outputs.
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