| Program Description |
D.M. CARDIOLOGY
A. Goal
The goal of DM Cardiology programme is to provide specialized training in Cardiology to
produce competent superspecialists. These specialists will be capable of providing care of
the highest order to the cardiac patients in the community as well as clinical tertiary care
centres. They would subsequently serve as teachers, trainers, researchers and leaders in the
field of Cardiology. They shall recognize the health needs of the community, & carry out
professional obligations ethically & in keeping with the objectives of the National Health
Policy.
B. Learning Objectives
In general, the course is designed to train post graduates (MD) in Internal Medicine &
Pediatrics, in major areas of cardiology like clinical cardiology, coronary care, pediatric
cardiology, electrophysiology, invasive diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac procedures and
various noninvasive diagnostic techniques and research activities. The aim of the course is
to impart thorough and comprehensive training to the candidate in the various aspects of
this so that at the end of the course he/she shall be able to perform the following
Cognitive Domain:
1) To diagnose cardiovascular diseases based on clinical methods.
2) To interpret relevant laboratory, radiological and cardio logical investigations for the purpose of diagnosis
3) To arrive at a treatment plan/s based on 1 & 2 and discuss the pros and cons with the patient and his family.
4) Be able to carry out efficient management of all types of cardiovascular emergencies after quickly assessing the patient and synthesizing available clinical and investigational information. To keep abreast of the current knowledge and recent advances in the field by self-learning and /or participating in continuing Medical Education programmes.
5) To deliver preventive and rehabilitative care.
6) To organize and manage administrative responsibilities for routine day to day work as well as emergent /urgent situations
7) To understand the functional principles of various biomedical equipments used in invasive and non-invasive cardiology.
8) To carry out research and publications in the field
9) To teach the medical and other paramedical students/staff and develop learning resource material for them
Skills:
• Non-invasive Techniques
The candidate would be given adequate training during the course so that he/she will be able to perform and interpret various non-invasive techniques including:
1. Electrocardiography
2. Stress testing –ECG tread mill test, stress echocardiography and nuclear stress tests
3. Holter monitoring for arrhythmias and ischemic disorders
4. Echocardiography – M-mode, Two dimensional, Doppler, Color flow imaging, transesophageal echocardiography and echo directed hemodynamic studies.
• Invasive Cardiology
The candidate would be given adequate training so that he/she will be able
1. To perform temporary pacemaker insertion, pericardiocentesis, central venous line insertions
2. To assist in various interventions including valvuloplasty, coronary and congenital interventions.
3. To perform cardiac catheterization and to calculate and interpret various homodynamic parameters
4. Right and left heart catheterization and coronary angiography procedures in adults and children
5. Electrophysiology: To interpret electrophysiological data and assist in electrophysiology procedures, permanent pacemaker implantation, AICD implantation.
• Affective Domain:
6. To adopt ethical practices in dealing with patients, colleagues, subordinates superiors and health care workers.
1. To promote cordial interpersonal relation
2. To perform as a team
3. To learn to be a leader when the need arises.
4. To learn to order investigations and prescribe drugs rationally.
5. To be aware of ethical issues in human and animal research.
6. Take rationale decision in the face of ethical dilemmas in cardiac diseases.
Demonstrate sympathy & Humane approach towards patients & their families & exhibit interpersonal behavior in accordance with social norms & expectations.
COURSE CONTENT
Since the students are trained with the aim of practicing as independent specialists, this course contest will be merely a guideline. They have to manage all types of cases and situations and seek and provide consultation. The emphasis shall therefore be mere on the practical management of the problem of the individual cases and the community within the available resources.
In general the course of the study shall include.
GENERAL TOPICS
A) Basic Sciences
Applied basic sciences relevant to the field of Cardiology---Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pathology, Microbiology, Pharmacology and Immunology pertaining to the Cardiovascular system.
B) Clinical Cardiology
Etiopathology, hemodynamics, clinical evaluation, investigative modalities and treatment details of;
1. Coronary artery disease
2. Rheumatic heart disease
3. Congenital heart disease and other paediatric cardiac disorders
4. Cardiac arrhythmias
5. Heart failure
6. Peripheral vascular disorders
7. Systemic hypertension
8. Systemic diseases involving heart
9. Heart muscle diseases
10. Pericardial diseases
11. Cardiac trauma
12. Tumors of heart
13. Pulmonary thromboembolism and pulmonary hypertension
14. Genetics, molecular biology and immunology related to cardiology
15. Geriatric heart disease
16. General anaesthesia and non cardiac surgery in patients with heart disease
17. Pregnancy and heart disease
18. Epidemiology and preventive cardiology
19. Other general cardiology topics including principles and basics of drug therapy, care of patients with end stage heart disease, Nuclear cardiology, Cardiovascular Magnetic resonance and CT scan of the Heart.
The course in general aims to provide in addition to the basic theoretical knowledge;
i) A thorough knowledge , theoretical as well as practical, of the various investigative procedures – invasive and non-invasive – including electrocardiography, Stress test testing ( tread mill test, stress related and other nuclear techniques), Holter monitoring for arrhythmias and ischemic disorders, Permanent pacemaker/AICD interrogation and analysis. Echocardiography ( M-mode, Two dimensional, Doppler, Color flow imaging, transesophageal echocardiography and echo directed hemodynamic studies), cardiac catheterization and to perform and analyze basic electro physiologic data.
ii) A detailed knowledge of and practical experience of performing temporary pacemaker insertion, pericardiocentesis, Right and left heart catheterization and coronary angiography procedures in adults and children and also experience in various interventions including valvuloplasty, coronary and congenital interventions electrophysiology procedures and permanent pacemaker/AICD implantation.
iii) A basic knowledge of Cardiovascular-thoracic Surgery
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| Admission & entry requirements |
The basic qualification for pursuing D.M. Cardiology course is a pass degree in MBBS degree followed by M.D. (Medicine Degree) in either general medicine or pediatrics.
The MCI norms to qualify for Admissions
Candidates seeking admission to these Post Graduate Degree courses should have passed
M.B.B.S. recognized by Medical Council of India or equivalent qualification and should have
obtained permanent Registration from the Medical Council of India or any of the State/ Medical
council or candidate should register the same within one month from the date of admission,
failing which the admission of the candidate shall be cancelled. Provided that in the case of a
foreign national, the MCI may on the payment of prescribed fee for the registration, grant
temporary registration for the duration of post graduate training restricted to the medical college/
institute to which the applicant is admitted for the time being exclusively for post graduate
studies; provided further, that temporary registration to such foreign national shall be subjected
to the condition that such person is duly registered with appropriate registering authority in his
/her country wherefrom he has obtained his basic medical qualification ,and is duly recognized
by the corresponding Medical Council or concerned authority.
If the candidate fails to fulfill the relevant eligibility requirements as mentioned above
he/she will not be considered eligible for admission for Medical Postgraduate Degree Courses
even if he/she is placed in the merit list of statutory authority and BLDE (Deemed to be
University).
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